Raspberry pi as usb storage device. You need to use gadget-mode aka OTG mass-storage.
the device that is my 'storage Jul 11, 2022 · The pico gets recognized by the device manager as a USB mass storage device. Also sector 260, I assume 512 byte blocks = 133120 bytes from the partition start, way past the uf2 file i have written?, so I guess that is (as your say) some sort of catalogue update that fails as the board has now switched to running the uploaded file. This puts your Raspberry Pi Pico into USB mass storage device mode. 177892] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 4 using dwc_otg Feb 18 11:13:52 raspberrypi0W kernel: [ 1462. /piusb. Just substitute “microSD card” for “USB device” as you read. Tue Jun 09, 2020 5:52 pm . 5-amp power supply (or often lower). One (at minimum) USB external hard drive for simple Sep 6, 2020 · I am trying to connect the Raspberry Pi Zero USB Mass Storage Emulation to another Embedded Device (running on trimmed version of Linux OS). We then choose the storage medium (we need a micro SD card when using a Raspberry pi Zero W). The only way I can think of to do what you want would be to find a way of bridging the share(s) to one of these before passing it to the gadget driver. All good. usb 1-1. conf dwc2 Save Jul 23, 2017 · Now, USB devices such as, for example, the USB cable, can be connected to the two USB jacks of the 15 cm long cable. Recommended. This should appear as a removable drive. speed. Jan 30, 2024 · Install 64 bit BookWorm lite (Without Desktop) Raspbian OS on 8GB MSD sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade Connect USB External Drive to the Raspberry Pi Create Partition for in USB External Pendrive Format USB External Pendrive: mkfs. Multiple SSDs If you have multiple USB SSD devices plugged into a single Pi 4, then for each device experiencing issues repeat Step 1 above and make a note of each idVendor and idProduct pair. Mar 18, 2016 · Also the Raspberry Pi 3 by it self does not draw much 550 Mah at Starting then drops down to 300 to 350 Mah at idle but you need to remember also if you turn on the Wifi, Bluetooth, USB Thumb Drive and add maybe a USB HD Pi Drive to the mix your drawing more energy there for the 5V 2. Sadly there is a little triangle next to it stating the device could not be startet. Raspberry Pi ( Amazon | SunFounder) Micro SD Card ( Amazon | SunFounder) (8 GB+ Recommended) Ethernet Cable ( Amazon) or Wi-Fi ( Amazon | SunFounder) External Hard drive ( Amazon) or USB Drive ( Amazon) Optional. Give the system a few seconds to ‘see’ the disks, then enter the following: lsblk. sudo dd bs=1M if=/dev/zero of=/piusb. 178115] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00001101 Feb 18 11:13:52 raspberrypi0W kernel: [ 1462. Nov 27, 2010 · Those DIY approaches are therefore all based on building your own "adapter". Using the powered USB 3. Pre-requisites USB host and Ethernet boot can be performed by BCM2837-based Raspberry Pis - that is, Raspberry Pi 2B version 1. My understanding of the boot. My Raspberry Pi bootcamp course helps you step-by-step to discover the Raspberry Pi device and unlock its secrets. stall=0" is not treated as a kernel parameter but instead passed to the g_mass_storage module when that is loaded by the kernel. The USB/IP project provides this, by means of a driver that can transport USB over IP networks. Dec 16, 2020 · Summary: USB devices not detected on connection. /dev/sda1) for its backing store. Hello All, I followed the tutorial from MagPi magazine on how to turn a Raspberry Pi Before booting from a USB mass storage device, verify that the device works correctly under Linux. 6. I have followed the MagPi instructions to do this. Dec 28, 2021 · Emulating a USB device requires a USB port with host capabilities this is not possible behind a USB hub, only the Pi Model A has a USB port with no HUB. 2: Product Mar 12, 2022 · Automounting USB devices, especially USB storage, enables our Raspberry PI server to use larger disks to store application data. Boot using an SD card and plug in the USB mass storage device. Feb 1, 2024 · Code: Select all. Dev. Further, it would be useful if the behaviour could depend on certain information about that device. unzip the file and put them in a [folder1] Jun 14, 2024 · Uros Popovic shows how to build your own USB storage device using embedded Linux. NT Driver Rank: 0xFF0000 Matching Device Id: USB\DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_FAILURE Outranked Drivers: usb. Aug 13, 2018 · g_mass_storage - To have your Pi Zero appear as a mass storage device (flash drive), first create a mini filesystem in a file on your Pi with: dd if=/dev/zero of=. To use cloud storage with Raspberry Pi: Sign up for an account with a cloud storage provider; Setup the Raspberry Pi to communicate with the cloud using their preferred method (this is usually via an HTTP API) Collect data on the Raspberry Pi Dec 31, 2015 · Re: Raspberry Pi Pico Mass Storage Device in MicroPython Wed Dec 22, 2021 1:57 pm hippy wrote: If one wants that it's probably better to use CircuitPython for now, which does expose its file system as a USB Memory Device. The DWC2 module is important for enabling USB gadget mode, allowing the Raspberry Pi to act as a USB device, such as an Ethernet adapter, when connected to another computer via USB. conf dwc2 Save May 19, 2018 · I have a Raspberry Pi 3 B+ which I made into a NAS. 7gb) After this our embedded device detected the rpi usb mass storage and copied some files. . The one starting ‘mmcblk0’ is the microSD card containing Raspbian. Reboot, and let the RPi 3 return to desktop. Aug 15, 2016 · The Pi is perfectly capable of mounting a number of external storage devices such as USB sticks or HDD enclosures. We’ll learn the manual way (for temporary devices) and the automatic way for devices you want to use often on your Raspberry Pi (like your RetroPie ROMs, movies, or a backup storage drive). So the automounting of USB mass storage in windows failed. Feb 19, 2021 · Raspberry Pi 400 Raspberry Pi Pico General SDK MicroPython Other RP2040 boards; Software Raspberry Pi OS Raspberry Pi Connect Raspberry Pi Desktop for PC and Mac Other Android Debian FreeBSD Gentoo Linux Kernel NetBSD openSUSE Plan 9 Puppy Arch Pidora / Fedora RISCOS Ubuntu; Ye Olde Pi Shoppe USB OTG allows mobile devices such as a smartphone or tablet to act as a host to other USB devices such as flash drives, keyboards and mice. sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade sudo nano /boot/config. Turn a Raspberry Pi Zero into a “flash drive” that can be plugged into any machine. Apr 19, 2016 · As hinted, you may find information using lsusb. 0 hard drive, prioritize using a USB 3. Depending on your Raspberry Pi model, you can also boot an operating system from other storage devices, including USB drives, storage connected via a HAT, and network storage. If this file contains the line otg_mode=1, comment it out using a “#”: # otg_mode=1 Jun 24, 2022 · Bus 002 Device 003: ID 2357:0600 TP-Link UE300 10/100/1000 LAN (mass storage CD-ROM mode) [Realtek RTL8153] Bus 002 Device 002: ID 090c:1000 Silicon Motion, Inc. Find the BOOTSEL button on your Raspberry Pi Pico. 4 How It Works And Why Write Access Is Bad it explains that the USB Host accesses the filesystem as though it's a physical disk and as such the pi can't know what's going on with what the host might be doing. d/g_mass_storage. 11+). - Taiwan (formerly Feiya Technology Corp. May 28, 2017 · In this quick guide we'll show how to attach storage to your Raspberry Pi. The host sees a single drive. 3. In a few hours, you’ll be ready to start Setup Raspberry Pi + USB HDD as network storage device (so I can load media onto the HDD via my network) 2. g. You cannot use a USB CDC serial connection during debugging. Because of this, if setup to, the Pi can act as a USB slave instead, providing virtual serial (a terminal), virtual ethernet, virtual mass storage device (pendrive 2022 Raspberry Pi Storage Benchmarks; Raspberry Pi Minecraft Server Setup Script w/ Startup Service; Raspberry Pi 4 USB Boot Config Guide for SSD / Flash Drives; Official Minecraft Bedrock Dedicated Server on Raspberry Pi* Raspberry Pi 4 Bootloader USB Mass Storage Boot Guide; Raspberry Pi 4 Ubuntu Server / Desktop 18. If you’re looking to quickly progress on Raspberry Pi, you can check out my e-book here . conf dwc2 Save Utilising cloud storage and services is a perfect match with Raspberry Pi. The process is similar to installing Raspbian on a microSD card, so you can use the same instructions. However in going through following document: How to boot from a USB Mass Storage Device on a Raspberry Pi 3 I have been using a mass storage device on the USB 3 port of my Raspberry Pi 4b for a couple months now. inf:USB\DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_FAILURE:00FF2000 Device Updated: false I have a Raspberry Pi Zero W configured as a USB device (latest raspian version 5. Aug 9, 2013 · Cloud Storage for the Raspberry Pi A logical extension of the NAS and network storage use for your Raspberry Pi is to set it up as a cloud storage server, available from any device, wherever you are – at home or out and about. Storage on Raspberry Pi 4: How to Make Aug 30, 2021 · Hello, I have a problem when trying to connect my Pi Pico to a Win10 machine. I've tried connecting it via USB (USB/Esata cable) and the internal SATA-port of my laptop, neither works. php?f=98&t=74098. d/usb-otg will find all iSCSI block devices and register them with the g_mass_storage USB Gadget Mass Storage driver. sets the speed of the USB controller built into the processor on Raspberry Pi computers. Official USB C PSU; Various USB devices including: Several mass storage devices (all USB 2 so not UAS) including card readers; Several USB 2 WiFi adapters; USB ethernet adapters; Pi zero in gadget mode; Software: Jun 8, 2017 · As an example, if the Pi is to be used as a mass storage device, and I have a python script that's supposed to set that up, it would be useful if I could trigger certain behaviour when a device is actually connected, but not before. In general it works fine, and the device will be recognized by Windows 10, other Raspberry Pi's, Mac OSX. py to some other name like mywebserver. However if the device boots with the usb lan adapter plugged in then it doesn't get detected properly. Raspberry Pi Case ( Amazon | SunFounder) The main issue encountered in Windows 10 is that, the Raspberry Pi Zero maybe identified as USB COM port device. Sep 23, 2022 · You will need the following equipment for this guide on booting your Raspberry Pi from a USB storage device. Sep 9, 2011 · When using SWD for debugging you need to use a UART based serial connection (see Chapter 4) as the USB stack will be paused when the RP2040 cores are stopped during debugging, which will cause any attached USB devices to disconnect. rpi-update ### This installs the updated *. However — assuming you don't know how plug and play works on USB — the "why" lsusb is that every removable device, that you plug into the USB connector, signals to the system (amongst other information) identifiers for the vendor and product, respectively idVendor and idProduct, both of which you can see in lsusb output. ) Flash Drive Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3. Here is an example of using USB/IP to provide a simulated USB device to a computer – which would be your PC here. Aug 5, 2016 · For clarity, no the RPi3 CANNOT be "configured as a mass storage device" - the rpi3 can only BOOT from USB /ethernet with that beta software. Jan 4, 2021 · Raspberry Pi: RPi to emulate a USB mass storage device?Helpful? Please support me on Patreon: https://www. uf2 file. The RAID array is transparent to the USB host. Since the Model A has no external storage capabilities the only data you could share with the photo frame is the contents of your SD Card or snapshots from the Pi Camera. txt dtoverlay=dwc2 Save and Exit sudo nano /etc/modules-load. 0 hub connected to your Raspberry Pi, plug in all your USB disk drives. I have a Western Digital Green 2 TB, that does show up in Windows Disk Manager, but not in Rasperry Pi Imager. dwc_otg. Hardware: 4B 2GB; Genuine SD card with aprox 11GB free. We will install the Raspberri Pi OS Lite to lower power consumption. 14393. Memory sticks, mice and keyboards to the Android device, which are then used by the same as by a normal computer. py auto running everytime the board powers on and a solution could be adding an initial one second sleep in the web server code or renaming main. 4 Image Step 3: Prepare your USB mass storage device. Raspberry Pi ( Amazon | SunFounder) 2B to 3B+ Micro SD Card ( Amazon | SunFounder) Power Supply ( Amazon | SunFounder) Ethernet Cable ( Amazon) (Recommended) or Wi-Fi ( Amazon | SunFounder) USB Drive ( Amazon) Optional Mar 19, 2014 · Use software to expose the USB slave-mode port of the Raspberry Pi Zero as a virtual USB device to your PC. Sep 3, 2019 · Step 04: Add your storage. Jan 23, 2018 · The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B can not act as USB device. Shutdown the RPi 3. I can help you to learn much faster. 4. This time we are going to install Raspbian on our USB device. This should present as a USB storage class device, which per USB specs should be supported universally (so I'm very surprised this didn't just work), and 2. sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade 4. All this will be accomplished by leveraging the mainline Linux kernel drivers and 10-15 lines of shell scripting. Seems rude for the board firmware to just go away without comment though. (200 mb) 2. Jun 21, 2018 · Boot a raspberry pi 3 , ( use a Raspberry pi 3 with the fresh USB above. I dont know if Im using a bad cable or smthg, Ive tried 2 different mini usb cables and my computer will not recognize nothing! Feb 1, 2024 · Code: Select all. 1. patreon. The USB ports on a Raspberry Pi can be used to collect data from connected devices. 5. We’ll be using a Raspberry Pi Zero for this exercise. Ensure that the connection is Jan 30, 2024 · Code: Select all. py script is that it runs before the USB volume is mounted so I want the Pico to prevent it from being mounted rather than the OS of the computer I'm plugging it into to prevent the mounting of the volume. Move the USB from the RPI 3 and use it to boot the RPi 4 from a USB3 Dec 25, 2015 · The Raspberry Pi Zero (and model A and A+) support USB On The Go, given the processor is connected directly to the USB port, unlike on the B, B+ or Pi 2 B, which goes via a USB hub. Oct 16, 2023 · It refers to the USB controller used in the Raspberry Pi hardware. Aug 29, 2023 · Step 15 – Mass Storage Device Mode. Even if this feature could appear as a must in modern Linux OSes (and it is so in Raspberry PI OS Desktop), you will have a bad surprise when trying to connect and Hard Disk to Raspberry PI OS Lite and not getting it Dec 18, 2020 · Unable to configure a Raspberry Pi Zero as a USB Mass Storage Device using g_mass_storage 3 USB Mass Storage Gadget - how to convincingly emulate a flash drive? Nov 17, 2019 · Using the Raspberry Pi. Instead if shows as a usb mass storage device and no eth1 interace shows up. Although it's quite limited to just usage as a mass storage device ( SD card) - no GPIO access, display or even ARM CPU usage. Performance will be at most USB 2 level due to the device mode controller and the USB C port only having a USB 2 data connection. Much slower than $1 usb card readers, so maybe it is a waste of $4 Pico. 0. bin count=512 /etc/init. Richard S. conf dwc2 Save Jun 10, 2019 · After delete every single device related to Raspberry Pi Pico on the Device Manager, I then plug the Pico into the USB port and let Windows load the drivers and configure the Pico by itself, then, each time I plug it in (Bootsel mode), the file explorer opens the RPI-RP2 MSD allowing me to copy the . inf Class Guid: {36FC9E60-C465-11CF-8056-444553540000} Driver Date: 06/21/2006 Driver Version: 10. Feb 1, 2024 · Code: Select all. /foo/bar) or a block device (e. 7. The USB-A ports on Raspberry Pi 4 are driven by a separate USB controller which is not affected by this setting. I used example code found under examples/usb/device/dev_lowlevel Jun 9, 2020 · Raspberry PI Zero W - USB Mass Storage Device Help. Download RNDIS driver from here : RNDIS driver, originated from here. a file write may not have finished and the pi might read half written files. txt contains the parameters used to boot the linux kernel. Jan 12, 2022 · I bought the raspberry pi pico (only the main module for 7 euros) but now, my computer will not recognize it as mass storage device. Aug 25, 2017 · As I understand it, the USB mass storage gadget driver can use either a file (e. Let the same pi zero w connect as a headless device to one (or more) smartphones and automount their media folders to a smartlinked folder on the pi zero w. conf dwc2 Save May 27, 2017 · I'm not familiar enough with the g_mass_storage driver to comment on your (IMO brilliant) mimicry idea, but: 1. Plug the Raspberry Pi into my Samsung TV via USB so my TV recognizes it as a storage device and can read off the USB HDD as if it was connected directly. 0 port for optimal performance. 04. Devices can connect to the Raspberry Pi’s USB ports and then apps on the Raspberry Pi can read data from the device. txt file to enable the USB By the way, if you are just getting started on Raspberry Pi, you might have many similar questions, and will spend a lot of time find all the answers. It's likely that at some point you will need to plug in a USB hard drive or a USB pen-drive for extra storage, remote backups, for your Docker images or as part of a Network Attached Storage server. It acts as a USB mass storage device ("flash drive") to your smart TV on the one side and accesses (read and write) a network attached data storage (NAS) on the other side. Connect the Hard Drive: Plug the external hard drive into the chosen USB port on the Raspberry Pi. To install an operating system on a storage device for your Raspberry Pi, you’ll need: Feb 1, 2024 · Code: Select all. Oct 27, 2022 · You will need some basic equipment for setting up a Raspberry Pi mounted USB drive. vfat /dev/sda1 Mount USB External Pendrive Enable the USB Gadget Module: Edit the config. 968068] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00021501 Feb 18 11:13:52 raspberrypi0W kernel: [ 1462. A Raspberry Pi is shown in the image below, but the same applies to any computer. The Pi uses this card – which should be an SDHC card for the best results – as a boot device, for running the operating system and general storage. 5 Amp comes in – Derf Mar 13, 2023 · TLDR: Is it possible to use a Pi (or Pi like device) as a method for emulating a USB device descriptor and passing packets across? If I could get the Pi to emulate the correct ID and details, I could have the application (fastboot) recognise the device (phone) and therefore pass the content between one-another. 0 root hub Bus 001 Device 004: ID 051d:0002 American Power Conversion Aug 31, 2017 · I'm prepared to test booting on USB mass storage. Dec 20, 2023 · Identify the USB Port: Locate an available USB port on the Raspberry Pi where you will connect the external hard drive. Press the BOOTSEL button and hold it while you connect the other end of the micro USB cable to your computer. raspberrypi. We will also need to install Putty to access the raspberry pi over ssh. With USB OTG, a mobile device can utilize the functionality of the peripherals while still being able to connect to a computer and present itself as a mass storage device to be used on the computer. The command below will activate the mass storage device mode: sudo modprobe g_mass_storage file=/usb-drive. py but no matter how many times I tried to open the bootloader mode or normally connect the board it neither shows up USB host and Ethernet boot can be performed by BCM2837-based Raspberry Pis - that is, Raspberry Pi 2B version 1. Step 4: Boot your Raspberry Pi from the prepared USB mass storage Hi, i am trying to make a mass storage device out of my pico to learn about usb using the pico SDK. My concept is on powering up Raspberry Pi it would boot directly the USB mass storage similar to Live CD without the assistance of the microSD card. img stall=0 removable=1. Nov 10, 2016 · Have a pi zero w connected to the usb connection of the car audio system acting as a mass storage device. If you’re using a USB 3. Some models of Pi support this, including the Pi Zero (W), the Pi 3 A+ and the Pi 4 B Jan 13, 2012 · With USB drives this is only possible with a 4B or 400 as they are the only models that can do simultaneous USB host and device. dat files needed by the RPi 4. conf dwc2 Save On Raspberry Pi 4, this controller is disabled by default, and is only connected to the USB type C power input connector. Apr 1, 2021 · Raspberry Pi 400 Raspberry Pi Pico General SDK MicroPython Other RP2040 boards; Software Raspberry Pi OS Raspberry Pi Connect Raspberry Pi Desktop for PC and Mac Other Android Debian FreeBSD Gentoo Linux Kernel NetBSD openSUSE Plan 9 Puppy Arch Pidora / Fedora RISCOS Ubuntu Jul 9, 2023 · After Searching for a solution for a whole day. 2, Raspberry Pi 3B, and Raspberry Pi 3B+ (Raspberry Pi 3A+ cannot net boot since it does not have a built-in Ethernet interface). This command tells you about devices connected to the system. At this moment, if the Raspberry Pi is connected via USB to a device such as a computer, the connection pop-up for a new storage device is given. Aug 11, 2012 · It does seem to work so I guess it is as you describe. one as EFI Partition. conf dwc2 Save Jul 11, 2013 · The idVendor and idProduct are the two hexadecimal numbers you need to take a note of. We have to install a RNDIS driver instead of the auto-installed USB serial port driver. Anything not prefixed with a module name is treated as a kernel parameter so in your original "stall=0" is a parameter for the kernel not for the g_mass_storage module where as "g_mass_storage. With other USB devices, the same is true. conf dwc2 Save Sep 17, 2022 · Note that all prior versions of Raspberry Pi used micro USB connectors for power and could work off of a 5-volt, 2. 1" photoframe which I have been unable to work out how to hack, I'd like to use it as a sort of calender/diary reminder Feb 14, 2024 · Code: Select all. bin bs=512 count=2880 and set it up as a fat32 filesystem with Aug 13, 2018 · Actually we tried formatting the rpi usb mass storage device(8gb size) in MAC, then MAC formatted usb mass storage into two partition 1. When connecting it via a known good USB data cable( checked with multiple cables, multiple ports, PC restart) i get a USB device not recognized message whether or not i hold the BOOTSEL button. Pictured: WDLabs NodeZero with 314GB HDD. 10. conf dwc2 Save Feb 1, 2024 · Code: Select all. – Ghanima ♦ Commented Aug 15, 2016 at 14:26 Feb 14, 2024 · cmdline. Dec 17, 2012 · Sounds a bit of a question really but basically I have a 10. Fixing Storage Adapters for Raspberry Pi via Firmware Updates; 2022 Raspberry Pi Storage Benchmarks; Raspberry Pi Storage Benchmarks + Benchmarking Script; Kali Linux P4wnP1 ALOA Guide - Setup / Usage / Examples Feb 21, 2021 · The computer I am plugging the Pico into changes so I'd like it to apply to all OSes. From USB input. The only pi models that can be a slave gadget device (mass storage device) are those without the usb hub chip: Pi Zero, A+ and compute module Jul 27, 2013 · Using an SD Card for Raspberry Pi Data Storage As you will probably know if you're using a Raspberry Pi, the SD card is the main storage option. Make a Pi Zero W Smart USB flash drive. fully headless pass key is fixed, to be typed or checked on the phone only. elf and *. Jun 22, 2014 · Sure, but since the USB is only full speed it will be very slow. 1a. The adapter is a Linux-based computer, e. Using a Raspberry Pi’s USB ports can be useful for collecting: Audio data, such as by using a microphone or an ultrasonic Oct 30, 2015 · You’ll see a lot of device “none” for various bits of the virtual system that you don’t need to worry about; the devices that concern us start with /dev/ and have names like /dev/mmcblk0p1 for partitions of the Pi’s SD card, and /dev/sda1 for plugged-in USB drives. To do so, we launch Rarpberry Pi imager and on OS select Raspberry Pi OS (other) → Raspberry Pi OS Lite. You need to use gadget-mode aka OTG mass-storage. To unmount manually: Oct 6, 2020 · Code: Select all Feb 18 11:13:52 raspberrypi0W kernel: [ 1461. More interesting exercise would be to emulate SD card directly = handle 4bit or even 8bit SD/(e)MMC commands via PIO, this could possibly be faster and also can have interesting use cases (like emulating card backed by array of cheap PSRAM chips ) Mar 22, 2022 · From the mass-storage guide, section 3. org/forums/viewtopic. e. com/roelvandepaarWith thanks & praise to G Dec 31, 2020 · I'm facing the same problem. Here is a guide for the Pi Zero using ConfigFS : Mar 23, 2021 · If the device is already started up we can plug in the usb lan adapter and it gets detected ok - can see second interface appear - eth1. another partition (7. This is a hardware limitation which cannot be worked around in software. Mar 5, 2013 · A Raspberry Pi-based network storage device on the other hand, consumes about $5 worth of power per year. When the Pi is plugged via the USB-C OTG connector into the USB port of another computer, after a few seconds of powering up the iSCSI target block devices will automatically appear to the computer as USB Mass Storage. I found out that this happens due to the main. Now, the device that is my 'storage' for my NAS is external, an USB of 64 GB. Its a Sandisk extreme microSD card. Yes, you can use a Model A as a USB slave device: http://www. 0 Driver Provider: Microsoft Driver Section: BADDEVICE. a single-board computer (SBC) such as the Raspberry Pi. 539283] usb 1-1: New USB device Driver Name: usb. mptgqpotuuznkosbokbb