Foe forum us

Foe forum us. It was located in Alexandria, Egypt, and the town is actually still around. Once you reach Modern Era and beyond things change. It was an all-time college classic, and several players help us recall the contest. Feb 23, 2024 · Dear forum reader, To actively participate in our forum discussions or to start your own threads, in addition to your game account, you need a forum account. Rinse and repeat. Forge of Empires is a browser and app Dear forum reader, To actively participate in our forum discussions or to start your own threads, in addition to your game account, you need a forum account. Start the settlement early morning, so that the daily Fights will recycle and be ready when you are. 50 minutes ago. It consist in efficiently rushing through the ages until you reach last era, then sell goods for FP to lower aged players. - goods from Event buildings (e. Latest posts. Dec 6, 2018 · Fighting - build up military GB's and use rogues. LeCron. Posts: 416683 US PvP Events Threads: 204. A/D is 850 / 550. Apr 13, 2021 · Make sure to read the Fighting notes in the comments below the Guide. Personally I'm not going to bother until I can get new buildings in my city that provide two-way boosts, like What would you say would be you "winning" FoE? TheGrandOmnicient; Dec 27, 2023; 2. Feb 2, 2019 · The Mughal settlement has a medium timeframe of 23-11 days per settlement (if finished in first place, the time decreases the more settlements you play). If you have an extremely high attack% when compared to the defender's defense%, you have a high chance of doing max damage. Add feedback to the various announcements that come out. Includes: Revised 6 Laws and 2 “Tips”. We receive new game content for testing here so we can identify any issues and get them fixed before we release that content to the live servers. May 12, 2022 · Update (big one) v2. I need to test this again more carefully. 4) Place the agreed upon number of fp's onto the target GB of the seller. We are embarking on a comprehensive enhancement of the Cultural Settlements feature. Early Middle Age. Make people enthusiastic - You can use the tavern boost, build a bunch of happy buildings, or preferably your city will already have an enthusiastic population. You aren't trading with an actual person. 7k. Reported to Developers: Anniversary event questline randomly appears among main quests. This guide is meant as an introduction for the beginning of the game for new players, not a guide on the most efficient and fastest ways to start the game. What does the future hold for Forge of Empires? Hear from our Product Head! mellofax. Jan 23, 2017 · Jan 23, 2017. Forge of Empires Forum. Read on to learn more about the new Championships, rewards, and attrition adjustments! Apr 7, 2023 · Apr 7, 2023. Dec 27, 2017 · Expedition Points are what the individual members earn for each encounter attempted, and are added to the guild's total. #6. Dec 8, 2017 · The second one is completely different. I think if 43% have the Hagia Sophia, that's a pretty good indicator that it is personal preference rather than GB quality that determines whether it's worth having. Dec 10, 2022 · There would be ton of farming done there, though, because in GvG you can attack a tile and destroy most of the defense armies, then delete your siege and let them replace the defense armies and siege again. Announcement Feedback. To fight you need around 1700/1700% city defense to clear. GvG is only played by ~5% of all players in part because it's not available on mobile, but mostly because players on other platforms aren't playing it either. Community Manager. Here are my tips for sniping: (1) If you have extra forge points in Oct 29, 2023 · Oct 29, 2023. Road touches are efficient, and simple. The greatest game ever played at BYU. I'm planning on making a more advanced guide for negotiating and attacking (once I stop being terrible at it). You only need 6 units since this Combo will easily defeat any TE troops without taking damage. 5K. I think the timing of placing limits would be the main problem. Aug 17, 2023 · LeCron. I am not as excited about the GBG update. Dec 31, 2022 · Dec 31, 2022. Aug 28, 2023. . Apr 23, 2020 · 10 hours. The eight guilds with the highest MMR are placed together in diamond-1. , you cannot discuss ban there) and do not try to blame somebody - this will have a negative results. Feb 8, 2021 · Here's the answer! When asked whether the FoE helper is legal or a new tool name "FoE Powertools" is clarified here. 20,621 / 64 = 322. Part 2: Beginning the Expansion. Depending on your guild’s performance, it should move up or down in the league system. Observatory, Arc) don't count. 524. Use the 2 center square (in white) to add a ritual flame (level 2), boosting your city defense to 22%. Hey Forge fans! It's time to break out your safari gear because the Wildlife Event will be available from January 16th, till February 15th! Jun 28, 2022 · My military GBs will also, still be effective, making GE a breeze. 14 hours. Douglas 221. That would be a cool dedication, not just the devs but the artists and other people involved with FOE. I would like to see GE level 5, I've finished GE level 4 for the week and now basically have nothing to do in the game for nearly 4 days, I see this with other players as well, use the same graphics, all scarey and fires and dark that you have for GE level 4. 1K. This is to discuss aspects of the game in general. lordwasa. - Collect the 3*4-hour productions when they finish. Nov 7, 2019 · With 32 guilds in diamond league, there will be 4 diamond battlegrounds. Hello Forge Fans! Exciting news from the great expanse of history! Our latest Forge of Empires adventure is setting sail towards the illustrious Polynesia! This addition marks more than just a new settlement. By Keith Dec 9, 2018 · UBERhelp1. Nov 27, 2023 · Nov 28, 2023. To talk to individual players in your neighborhood, use your Messaging center to send messages and receive. They all count, including any combination. in FE / AF i tested 8 hover / 8 fortressi did not like it so much - - even with attrition below 20. Dear Kings and Queens, Today, we're bringing you two important announcements. Nov 29, 2012 · Hagia Sophia. If you need credentials to log into MMS,contact MMS Help atmmshelp@foe. Hagia Sophia. Jul 5, 2020 · by far the best for fighting in TE is 1 color guard, one spear fighter, a legionnaire, one knight, two stone throwers. Dec 15, 2023 · Jan 6, 2024. Jul 12, 2023 · Seems like ~700 Ore/D is the maximum without using diamonds to send out Titaceladak again. Guild feature. Please post one thread per issue, and check the forum for similar posts first Threads: 162561. Oct 9, 2017 · The 1:10 is the merchant. Apr 25, 2021 · Graviton said: Not really. FOE Team. #19. Jan 16, 2024 · Announcements. It was the pride of all empires that held it. com or 614-883-2199. I feel like they should do portraits of the staff for the anniversary event. Oct 13, 2022 · Forums. Build X number of X buildings - Delete roads and rearrange buildings so that you can place whatever building is required. InnoGames, known as a publisher of high quality titles such as the strategy game Tribal Wars and the Greek empire game Grepolis , is combining strategic game-play in an empire A user friendly index of our FoE guides. 5. Jan 31, 2024 · The first-ever Quantum Incursion season starts on the 1st of February! Lasting 14 days each, six seasons will constitute a Championship, starting a new adventure for you and your Guild. Mar May 25, 2017 · What Tools Are Included in FoE Calc Here are the list of tools that the current version of FoE Calc includes. Deal Castle (GB) St. it should be harder. Ebeondi Asi. Part 3: Establishing a Village. Game Worlds . Announcements. Ashtro. Dear forum reader, To actively participate in our forum discussions or to start your own threads, in addition to your game account you need a forum account. SoH, Airship) count. Threads. So the best comparison would be. You can REGISTER HERE! Please ensure a translation into English is provided if your post is not in English and to respect your fellow players when posting. Mar 6, 2018 · DeletedUser32824. Communication is the key. On it's own: 10 Months, 2 Weeks, 3 Days, 14 Hours, 26 Minutes and 40 Seconds. But, if a 66% cap limit is placed, then all will need those high level military GBs to offset the attrition increase. No idea about six. Please discuss game related matters and post your feedback about the game here. Jan 12, 2024 · Kyrael. Read on to learn more about the new Championships, rewards, and attrition adjustments! Dec 3, 2022 · Donate X goods to Treasury. Ex: Buy 5 goods for 1 forge point (fp). Two guilds could cooperate to have virtually endless fighting. With 4,978 articles, 9,261 images, 16 active editors and 181,091 edits so far, you are at the largest Fandom Wiki for FoE which has a near-inexhaustible wealth of information, quests, guides and an awesome community. Dear Kings & Queens, Is that the jingle of Santa's bells I hear? Its time to hang up your stocking and decorate the tree - the Winter Event is here with all its prizes and festive cheer! Our Quest Givers, Ami and Isabella, once again need your help to decorate Mistletown for the festive season. » Discuss anything regarding RS. I hope those who play in Beta will offer some constructive feedback. Feb 16, 2024 · Feb 16, 2024. By participating in this process, you will be able to play on a new version early on, thus also helping us at the same time, while providing us with faster feedback in case of any issues which would require immediate attention before its release. When you are desperate and haven't had any luck, throwing the tavern boost on makes it slightly less painful. This building increases happiness and provides you with a small amount of forgepoints every 24 hours. Today at 10:27 AM. The only 2 buildings that could use The fifth level should be optional. Changed the image of the model city to my own. posts. 89% overall yield) , and 10% City defense, requires only 2 road touches to get 20 goods, about 10 FP. This is the primary purpose of our server, finding and reporting bugs, and we are proud of the work Feb 26, 2024 · FOE wiki has information on every aspect of this game without having to figure out if forum members are messing with you Long story short, the Arc is the most powerful GB in the game. Spoilers. Mar 17, 2013 · RS General Chat. Jan 29, 2024. In your specific case, since your next Diamond Expansion still costs 200Ds this means that you could not have purchased 2 Diamond Expansion at 200Ds, because the game only has 2 Diamond Expansions that cost 200Ds and your next one still costs 200 Ds. Jun 19, 2015 · Jun 19, 2015. On the 17th of August, we bring you three new additions to the game: The Collapsible Quest Window, an improved Buff Bar, and a Daily Login Bonus! This adjustment will only be applied to the mobile version of the game. You can REGISTER HERE! Please ensure a translation in to English is provided if your post is not in English and to respect your fellow players when posting. Nov 4, 2020 · 2K. 46. This guide is split up into several parts: Part 1: The First Day. Your Castle will produce certain amounts of rewards every 24 hours (forge points, goods and previous era goods), and you need to collect them manually. As you compete with other players for a spot in the Quantum Ranking, you will be able to: - and more! Head to our Knowledge base for the complete feature overview. The Quantum Portal is open! Ready yourself and your Guild for the new adventure, and gather forces to win new powerful buildings for your City. This is enough for 10 Goods buildings on full-duty cycles (some combination of 4 hr and 8 hr runs with no downtime). Created a “Setting Out Plan — KingJ style” and scrapped the “Practice” section as this will be more useful. Contact us; Jun 6, 2023 · The LoA is useful in low ages and high ages, and even in the first couple of levels it still provides powerful boosts. 2 days for Return of investment. Basically, a 66% cap will reduce/eliminate farming all day and night. 6K. than 4th. If you haven't yet, join our newest community platform by clicking HERE and connect with thousands of May 1, 2023 · Community Manager. FoE Team. Hey there Forge Fans! It's been a while, we know! But we're excited to finally spill the beans on the new changes to Guild Battlegrounds. Dec 13, 2020 · Position #2 on a Level 36 Zeus for 177 FP giving a profit of 70 FP. And progressively harder! So even the better players have bit of a push to finish it. 9 Join millions of players in Forge of Empires, a free online strategy game where you can build your own city, research new technologies, and conquer the world. Guild Power Points are earned by the guild as a whole and are determined by levels. Himeji Castle, 6x6, will be the first GB producing Spoils of War - random rewards of: Diamonds, FPs, Goods, Rogues, Rogue Hideouts, and Rogue Hideout Shrink Kits. Today at 12:54 PM. Those trades are always available and limitless. Nov 6, 2019 · Summarized introduction. In order to produce current goods you need to have additional, earlier era goods added. 263. Jun 24, 2022 · The game compares your attack% to the defenders defense%. Jan 12, 2024. 1Mike1; Sep 18 May 12, 2022 · City Planning and Management Guide. If your discussion is proposing a change to gameplay then it is an Idea and should be proposed in the Ideas section. So if the reward is 90 FP, put on 400+. A battle is a battle. 1% chance of doing max damage and at 2,271% you have a 99. Oct 23, 2023 · Community Manager. These updates will be active right when the next championship starts, on thursday 28th of September! Hey there Forge Fans! It's been a while, we know! But we're excited to finally spill the beans on the new changes to Guild Battlegrounds. Changing to more conservative amounts of runs on the 1/4/8 hrs drops it to ~600 Ore/D. Are you ready for a walk on the wild side? Grab your binoculars and put on those hiking boots, because the Wildlife Event is back again for 2023! The Wildlife Event will begin on May 2 and runs until May 22. Jul 7, 2023. 0 — (20th August 2022) Renovated the Road Efficiency section of the guide. If you have any questions or comments please let me know. The quests that give troops ahead of your era are story quests and bonus quests (not 100% sure about bonus quests though). It will be like having a Blue Galaxy, Seed Vault, and Alcatraz, all in one GB. You forgot the military drummer. The buildings are classified according to their primary function, and the detailed stats are not shown here. For an example, if, at 1,500% attack, you have a 99. - build 2 huts along North border. Players on Discord share their experiences, advice, and game knowledge, as well as provide feedback to the newest game updates. Position #1 on a Level 15 TOR for 153 FP giving a profit of 75 FP. Athlete Living Quarters (SB) (7% 2018 Forge Bowl Event) Boost Consumable (10%, 20% or 30%, Time limited, can use multiples at same time, can be found in Boost Crate and/or separately in some events and DC) Botanical Jun 11, 2018 · Starting the Group and levels 10-20. - At this stage you'll have 2 expansions, 1 farm, 2 pottery, 2 nubian, 10+ huts, 5 Barley, around 150 loot, and completed 7 quests. 35 years ago this month, BYU battled La Salle in triple overtime. Korch (us10) Post your world related topics here Celtic Dragons come join us in the fun great guild very helpful. There is a variety of expressed views, of course, many having to do with matchmaking and ranking issues What I found fascinating was the behavior of the UK forums “moderator”. 57 minutes ago. It will tell you what you need to know, what to focus on, and how to lay a foundation for expanding and progressing through the game. These battlegrounds can be thought of as diamond-1, diamond-2, diamond-3 and diamond-4. Getting back 64 FPs per day. Sep 26, 2023 · Sep 26, 2023. Remember to vote for poll if you want chivalry to go 1 def, 1 day left before poll closes! By odd mobb , Wednesday at 01:34 AM. Those guilds fight for provinces on the map, as these generate victory points to become the best guild in the Battleground. Zeus, CdM, TA: Build for the combat boosts, CdM will also generate FPs; wait on the TA until after the other two are at level 10. May 3, 2020 · Forums. Jul 17, 2014 · Dear forum reader, To actively participate in our forum discussions or to start your own threads, in addition to your game account you need a forum account. If you want to know more about certain building, follow the links which lead to Feb 4, 2019 · Official release Wed. Free of charge! Jun 1, 2017 · You are a bit confused. 264 looks cool. 5) The buyer, in this case you, will post the trades in the market to get the goods. Update 1. Oct 23, 2023 · LeCron. Position #1 on a Level 24 CDM for 394 FP giving a profit of 24 FP. 6K. This Great Building is long gone - collapsed in 1323 - but it is one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World. Sep 26, 2023 · It could be worse, lolI chanced to see the same thread on the UK FOE forum. #5. Forums. Feedback. Charles el Britannia. But please make sure that when you communicate with people that you use a friendly tone and do not offend or hurt 1 day ago · The first-ever Quantum Incursions season starts March 21st! from The Forge of Empires team on 3/19/24 at 1:00 pm. Discussions & Feedback. Dessire said: Waiting for portraits! Want to see which will be the golden league portrait :3. Messages. ToB might help a little with population if you stay low. Start 2*4-hour pottery production as soon as the buildings are complete in 1 hour. I highly recommend watching it! What is the Beta App? We want to provide the same type of testing we offer our browser version, for our mobile version. Jan 19, 2013 · To get the same population (for military or goods buildings etc), the Cathedral owner would also need to build houses (and happiness buildings), for another 40+ squares. #1. UberHelper1 made a youtube recently describing each of the GBs and their current worth. Spoiler Section. not connected to Guild wins or loses in GE. I read through it, curious to see what are the views of the UK players. Interesting as with this winter event's buildings my city may become entirely self-sufficient on daily collecting as the missing utility fragments are being covered. It's passive bonus is Supplies. Jan 26, 2024 · Dear forum reader, To actively participate in our forum discussions or to start your own threads, in addition to your game account you need a forum account. And better rewards too. Nov 14, 2018 · The essentials: ToB, LoA, SMB, FoD: Build for the goods; the boosts and the FoD's happiness are also good for the city. For example in Modern Era, you need Colonial Age goods to make Modern Era goods. Nov 20, 2023 · Dear Kings and Queens, Today, we are introducing a new feature: Mini Challenges! If you're looking for a thrilling challenge within the game, this is the perfect opportunity to test your skills and earn extra rewards. Aug 22, 2023. Contact us; Feb 2, 2021 · Introduction to the Beginner's Guide. It is explained in the best FoE guide I've seen. Mar 18, 2023 · Level 60 - 80 Kraken. To learn all there is about the Quantum Incursions, head to our Knowledgebase. This guide gives a very brief description of FoE special buildings that can be obtained only during seasonal events or as a special reward. Help with Forge of Empires: personal contribution calculator, Arc calculator, statistics tool for you and your guild - ideal for beginners and professionals. Mar 6, 2018. 23%. This alone makes us unique among our live servers. Nov 4, 2020. Oct 24, 2018 · Beta is the only public test server for our game. lozhkina. This guide will outline three strategies involved in city planning: buildings, expansions, and roads. There is actually a tavern boost to make them 1:5, 1:4, and 1:3. Now that you have the people in your group together and you are all the same Arc level, it's time to figure out how many FPs you are going to swap for each level. Cathedral + 4 Gambrel houses + happiness bldgs => around 65 squares, provides 19120 coins/day at level 10. General Community Discussions. May 25, 2017 · Myself, I always kept track of how many expansions I had purchased before I developed FoE Calc. Dear Kings and Queens. 82. Jul 16, 2017 · Defense Offense. Feedback for Quantum Incursions. Jun 5, 2018 · US FoE DB Servers ForgeDB US Servers (both are database sites that track a variety of FoE data, each is slightly different) FoE City Planner FP Coins Calculator When you start the game, you are met by a tutorial which you need to complete before you can begin playing proper. Threads 4 Messages 495. Proposal: In a few sentences, state the general concept of your idea. 120. We are looking for you! Always wanted to join our Supporting Team? We are looking for enthusiastic moderators! Take a look at our recruitement page for more information and how you can apply: What's new New posts New profile posts Latest activity. Dear Kings and Queens, It's time to fire up the BBQ grills, grab your teams jersey and get ready for this years Forge Bowl! Our famous quarterback Cal Rogers makes his return with the InnoForgers for another run in this years highly anticipated Forge Bowl! The Forge Bowl starts on January 17th and will run until February 6th. Dec 13, 2020. Jun 4, 2018 · US FoE DB Servers ForgeDB US Servers (both are database sites that track a variety of FoE data, each is slightly different) FoE City Planner FP Coins Calculator When you start the game, you are met by a tutorial which you need to complete before you can begin playing proper. Bugs - Testing and Reporting. 19K. We can mark our progress on this Excel Tech Tree in order to project the Dec 11, 2019 · Discussion. I like the updated Soccer event and enjoy the challenge of the mini game. On top of coins and supplies. 1. g. 4K. General. Oct 24, 2018 · Views. To use goods you need around 8,000-12,000 altogether. If you decide to talk about City planner on FoE's forums, do not try to break their rules (e. Basil's Cathedral (GB) Terracotta Army (GB) ( Virtual Future - Part 1) Defense Defense. The guilds with MMR ranking 9-16 are placed together in diamond-2. Jan 30, 2024. Endlessly. In the forum you can also learn about updates in the game and interact with all of the players. Our newest era is on its way - introducing Space Age Titan! Space Age Titan starts on the 10th of July! The human race has made leaps in energy, transportation, and sustenance, but the complexity of chemical reactions and their potential applications remains a boundless frontier. Oct 18, 2017 · 4) At this point you should have found someone selling goods, determine a price for the goods and the target GB of the seller. Replies. This guide is mostly for people who are new to the expedition. Feb 6th. And second, we are happy to introduce its immediate successor — the brand-new Guild Raids! Forge of Empires (FOE) was published in 2012 as the newest strategy online game by InnoGames and has since been one of the most successful browser-based games available. Hey Forge fans! It's time to break out your safari gear because the Wildlife Event will be available from January 16th, till February 15th! Oct 11, 2021 · The Castle System will provide you with multiple different reward types to be collected, so let's talk about each one of them separately: Daily Reward Chest. Oct 23, 2023. The Entire FoE Tech Tree — This means I have actually typed the entire FoE Tech Tree, to include 100% of all the resource costs for each individual technology. For new Events and Features which have just been released, please check out the active Feedback thread. - Build 2 farms in the NE and SE corners. Announcement Discussions. Threads 4 Forums. Aug 22, 2023 · Community Manager. - Complete quest 8. This determines the probability of doing max damage. Hello, I thought I would try my hand at a video guide for the Guild Expedition. Replies 22 Forums. Apr 21, 2023 · N = N ishi Pond. InnoGames. One of the oldest and greatest churches in the world, the Hagia Sophia was dedicated to the wisdom of God. Baron Alaric Ironsoul will be your Rival, providing quests that you must solve in a short time frame of 2 to 3 days. Jan 3, 2020 · If they listen, hear and will decide to discuss the issue, then, hopefully, we will resolve it and City planner will continue to stay online. So, my total current pending profit is 389 FP for an investment of 1444 FP. . According to Inno ~33% of all FoE players play on a platform other than mobile, and yet only a small percentage of them do GvG. This uses 90 squares, gives 80 RED ATTACK % (. Instead of having multiple buttons on the left for each type (Story, Recurring, Side and Special Quests; Daily Dec 13, 2020 · Brigadier-General. - goods from Great Buildings (e. In Game. you should have an attack boost of 3. New Content What does the future hold for Forge of Empires? Hear from our Product Head! Leones. Each level of GPP reached will increase the amount received, and the levels are attained by accumulating Expedition Points. Win X battles, Defeat X troops. Every 14 days, guilds will be matchmade into a battleground that lasts for 11 days. Apr 27, 2021 · when it comes to races, you do not want to use +6. May 1, 2023. With a special random percentage of doubling ToR and other rewards. Removed the Thinking Out Loud Section (as Jul 7, 2023 · FOE Team. Buildings and expansions are easy to deal with, but roads are perhaps the biggest problem that I see many people fall short of, which is what I will be dedicating my effort towards. Feb 8, 2024. First, after careful analysis and consideration, we decided to shut down the Guild vs. Posts: 505. 5%, and a defense boost of 0. - can be in GE, GBG, PvP Arena, against neighbours, etc. This section is for you to discuss new content and changes, as well as give feedback on existing features. - Build two 3-length roads along N and S borders to reach them. Mar 18, 2024 · Forge of Empires Discord server has reached 25,000 members! from The Forge of Empires team on 2/17/24 at 12:18 am. An additional 20,621 FPs for the owner. The Local Drop. We are looking for you! Always wanted to join our Supporting Team? We are looking for enthusiastic moderators! Take a look at our recruitement page for more information and how you can apply: Forums. To avoid getting sniped by an Arc80 it's best to put on 3-5x the reward. Reason: Jul 7, 2017 · I would say most of the top 10 players would say no. Why are there Account bans for many in Black Star guild. As far as I know fortifications are useless so there's no strategy other than to fight or use goods. Log in now and start your adventure! Aug 13, 2017 · Dear forum reader, To actively participate in our forum discussions or to start your own threads, in addition to your game account, you need a forum account. Welcome to the English fan database of the Forge of Empires MMO, that anyone can edit. Recurrent quests are the ones you can keep aborting and repeat as many times as you like, whose prize is random between coins, supplies, goods, diamonts (just once) medals and FP packs. 545 days (for the initial 60 levels) + 322 days (for the next 20 levels) = 867 days. Those early era goods are called Unrefined Goods. Normally you can't get any higher then three eras ahead, but a glitch that Innogames have marked as "not a bug" allows you to get them from four eras ahead. If it wasn't worth having the percentage of top 10 players that have it would be much, much lower than that. Mar 1, 2024 · What's new | Forge of Empires Forum. Calendar reward building looks great so that's going to be a nice addition to my city and probably sending Ygdrasill and the Aztec temple to my inventory. #2. Part 4: Race to the Finish. And second, we are happy to introduce its immediate successor — the brand-new Guild Raids! Jan 12, 2024 · LeCron. XIA*. This is enough for 16 Goods buildings on 24 hr cycles. The guide is so good that I have to recommend it even if you don't want to follow it, there is a lot of quality information for We are looking for enthusiastic moderators! Take a look at our recruitement page for more information and how you can apply: Jul 21, 2017 · GE level 5. sr xe az mn af rx rw cp hk pa