Propranolol eye side effects. loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance. Less common lisinopril side effects include diarrhea, blurred vision, and temporary erectile dysfunction. Heart protection after a heart attack: The typical starting dose is 40 mg by mouth 3 times a day. Common side effects. uncontrolled twisting movements of the neck, trunk, arms, or legs. I treated a patient who had eye symptoms associated with propranolol therapy. Serious Abilify side effects include movement problems, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and . nervousness. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional. If you do, chest pain that is worse and in some cases heart attack may occur. Oct 7, 2022 · Propranolol is a medicine is used in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm). Mar 1, 2024 · trouble swallowing. Didn't get more floaters but had so many side effects that I had to quit propranolol even though it was helping with migraine. Mar 19, 2024 · The side effects of beta-blockers can include: dizziness; tiredness; blurred vision; cold hands and feet; slow heartbeat; diarrhoea; nausea (feeling sick) Less common side effects. seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there. Dry eyes. It is also used to prevent angina (chest pain that radiates to arms, neck, and back), and to improve survival after a heart attack. decreased sexual ability in males. Worsening of psoriasis. Betoptic. Tremors, or shakiness, are a possible Wellbutrin side effect. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription. Feb 1, 2024 · Betagan 05. pain or sensitivity of the skin to touch. short-term memory loss. double vision. Nov 5, 2023 · The typical maintenance dose ranges from 120 mg to 240 mg 2 times daily. Visual disturbances 1 Four hundred and eighty-three hypertensive patients being treated with propranolol or other hypotensive drugs were questioned about symptoms of gritty feelings, sore or red eyes, photophobia and use of eye drops. The high lipophilicity of propranolol, together with the presence of Nov 15, 2023 · Warning. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to Inderal (hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash with blistering and peeling). Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position. unusual facial expressions. wrinkled skin. tunnel vision. Mar 1, 2024 · lightheadedness. 1. Your doctor will likely start you on a dosage of 80 mg once daily. Sometimes, side effects such Oct 26, 2023 · canker sores. Sep 13, 2022 · 1. Dom-Timolol. Nov 28, 2023 · Propranolol exerts its antiarrhythmic effects in concentrations associated with beta-adrenergic blockade, and this appears to be its principal antiarrhythmic mechanism of action. For long-term anxiety 40 mg two or three times daily. Propranolol oral solution is usually taken twice daily (at least 9 hours apart) during or immediately after a meal. See also Warning section. 4. Serious side effects of Topamax Mar 1, 2024 · chest pain or tightness. 5 mg of clozapine. 8% gave positive answers but there was no difference between the different drug regimes. dizziness. They can include queasiness, lightheadedness, migraine, sleeplessness, and a heightened feeling of unease due to abrupt changes in neural biochemistry brought on by decreasing the amount of the drug in your system. Propranolol may cause side effects. Mar 1, 2017 · sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips. Slow heartbeat. Topical beta‐blockers are currently considered as an interesting alternative to oral administration for superficial thin hemangiomas. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Feeling dizzy, sleepy, tired, or weak. sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth. Irregular or fast heartbeat, thickened heart muscle and over-active thyroid gland : 10–40 mg three or four times daily. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. In dosages greater than required for beta blockade, propranolol also exerts a quinidine-like or anesthetic-like membrane action which affects the cardiac action potential. Haemorrhage at the macula causes deterioration of visual acuity within seconds or minutes. hives, itching, skin rash. These may be signs of a slow heart rate. drowsiness. Biomicroscopy reveals a dome‐shaped acute bleeding in the macular area, but the precise localisation of the blood—that is, subhyaloidal or macular—is mostly unknown. Swelling/redness/ itching at the injection site, tiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, diarrhea, or constipation may occur. A 27-year old female weighing 60kg presents to ED approximately one hour after swallowing 70 x 40mg propranolol tablets (= 2. Common side effects that can occur from propranolol include: Slowed heart rate; Hair loss; Dry eyes; Nausea Jan 12, 2024 · Propanolol Overdose. Propranolol comes as an oral solution (liquid) to take by mouth. Beta blockers can cause side effects. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell the doctor or pharmacist Oct 26, 2023 · fainting. As a result, the heart beats slower and decreases the blood pressure. dryness or soreness of the throat. Dizziness. uncontrolled movements, especially of the face, neck, and back. Hair loss. The β-blocker practolol has been implicated in an oculomucocutaneous syndrome. You may also Propranolol 5/9 Dec 15, 2023 · The most common Abilify side effects are nausea and vomiting, constipation, and headache. Common side effects usually do not require medical attention however, if any persist or Oct 4, 2023 · hoarseness. Go to: 2. trouble sleeping. extreme fatigue. High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries. Make sure you call your doctor with any questions or concerns about possible side effects. The most common side-effects are feeling tired, cold hands and feet, disturbed sleep, and stomach upset. severe headache. Follow the directions on the prescription label carefully, and ask the doctor or pharmacist to Feb 1, 2024 · trembling. Researchers originally developed propranolol to treat angina pectoris but have since found uses for it in treating Feb 1, 2024 · Propranolol oral solution is used to treat proliferating infantile hemangioma. Jan 12, 2024. Mar 1, 2017 · large, hive-like swelling on the face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or sex organs. 4 Since then, monoamine oxidase inhibitors Jun 28, 2023 · Common side effects include exhaustion, sleeplessness, and dry mouth/eyes. Jan 16, 2024 · To minimize the side effects of systemic exposure to propranolol, in OIR mice eye drops at 2% concentration resulted in a retinal concentration of the drug similar to what was found after 20 mg/kg/day systemic administration of the drug, with a similar antiangiogenic effect . pale skin. Adult. Contact your doctor right away if your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse. trouble speaking. skin rash, hives, or itching. weight gain. puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue. They appear to work by reducing the production of fluid in the eye. 1 There is concern that a similar syndrome may be found with other β-blockers. redness of the face, neck, arms and occasionally, upper chest. Nov 14, 2022 · Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL) Carvedilol (Coreg, Coreg CR) Pindolol. tingling or pain in the fingers or toes when exposed to cold temperatures. Stomach pain or cramps. The most common topical beta‐blockers used in IHs are propranolol and timolol. dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. If you suffer from dizziness or light-headedness, sit, or lie down until the feeling subsides. Beta blockers are named because they "block" these receptors. If any Most of the time, Propranolol treatment can be started outpatient. dry mouth. loss of interest or pleasure. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: dizziness or lightheadedness; tiredness; diarrhea; constipation; Some side effects can be serious. This lowers the pressure in the eye. However, sometimes, it is necessary to admit your baby to the hospital to start this medication. If you are unsure why you are taking it, speak with your doctor. Jul 14, 2023 · yellow eyes or skin; Other side effects of Methimazole. Side effects often improve as your body gets used to the medicine. Propranolol side effects. How to take Propranolol. Diarrhea, stomach/abdominal pain, decreased appetite, vomiting, trouble sleeping, and unusual dreams may also occur. This can lead to hypotension (low blood pressure). Tiredness and drowsiness. This is particularly true with the low doses you would take for treating performance anxiety. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Abilify may cause weight gain, but the risk is lower than with other antipsychotic medications. Thus, it allows the blood to flow more easily and helps to control high Feb 8, 2024 · lower back or side pain. waking to urinate at night. Patients were treated with up to 50 Jul 22, 2012 · Summary. Atrial fibrillation (A. Then they may increase your dose until the medication starts working to Oct 11, 2023 · loss of memory. To avoid side effects, you will want to slowly stop this medicine (propranolol tablets) as ordered by your doctor. Two different salts are available, metoprolol tartrate and metoprolol more. Oct 2, 2023 · The likelihood of experiencing any of the side effects will depend on the individual; however, the more serious Propranolol side effects are very unusual, affecting less than one in 10,000 patients. loss of voice. yellow eyes or skin. red skin lesions, often with a purple center. Chris Nickson. tingling of the hands or feet. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. irregular breathing. trouble breathing. The most common side effects of Propranolol (Inderal) are constipation, mild pain, lightheadedness, swelling, stomach upset or cramps, sleep problems, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, and swelling or redness at the injection site. difficulty with breathing. feeling of warmth or heat. Sep 15, 2020 · There are also risk factors that can heighten the chance of adverse reactions from propranolol, like if you have an underlying health condition or are on multiple medications. sweating. “Though Propranolol effectively addresses anxiety, it is still important to stay connected with your providers, prescribers, and clinicians, understanding that it can help with symptoms, but not necessarily address the emotional or stress difficulty often accompanied. red, irritated eyes. cold sweats. slow speech. Feb 1, 2024 · seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there. increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight. Mar 1, 2017 · These may be symptoms of heart failure. Cutaneous side - effects of β-blockers. Propranolol - a beta-blocker. 2. Heart failure—shortness of breath, swelling of the ankles, feet, or hands, sudden weight gain, unusual weakness or fatigue. dry skin. Possible side effects. Propranolol can lead to a variety of side effects. unusual tiredness or weakness. Dec 10, 2007 · Propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide combination is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). These side effects should go away on their own as your body gets used to taking this medicine. Beta 1 receptors in your heart cause an increase in heart rate and heart contractility. inability to move the arms, legs, or facial muscles. shortness of breath. Serious side effects of propranolol are less common but may still occur. See full list on drugs. At the time of assessment she is drowsy (GCS 13) with a heart rate of 46 bpm and BP Nov 23, 2023 · dizziness. Crown-Tim. This side effect may not always be noticeable. leg cramps. Dec 5, 2023 · Severe mental health changes like confusion, hallucinations, and aggression. inability to speak. swollen, painful, or tender lymph glands on the side of the face or neck. redness, pain, or swelling of the eye, eyelid, or inner lining of the eyelid. inability to have or keep an erection. unusual bleeding or bruising. unusual drowsiness, dullness, or feeling of sluggishness. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-332-1088. Here’s an in-depth look at 13 Wellbutrin side effects that are worth knowing about. Slow heart rate. increased hunger. swelling of face, fingers, or lower legs. severe stomach pain. mild allergic reaction *. Some side effects of methimazole may occur that usually do not need medical attention. Therefore, RCTs using propranolol through eye drops might be expected to show better efficacy and safety than oral approaches. sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips. headache. stomach problems such as gas, heartburn, or nausea. increased blood pressure. Allergic reactions—skin rash, itching, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Feb 1, 2024 · This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. You may also experience changes in your coordination, breathing pattern, and cardiac rhythm. Find patient medical information for propranolol-hydrochlorothiazide oral on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings. scaly skin. Prevention of bleeding from medium or large oesophageal varices [in patients with cirrhosis] By mouth. Apr 23, 2019 · Rare propranolol side effects (affect between 1 in 1000 and 1 in 10,000 people) Dizziness. Feeling sleepy. swelling of the breasts or breast soreness in both females and males. joint pain or swelling. Weight gain. bruising or skin discoloration. The more common side effects of propranolol include: slower heart rate; diarrhea; dry eyes; hair loss; Propranolol is a medication that belongs to the class of beta blockers. irregular, fast or slow, or shallow breathing. lower back or side pain. skin rash. Propranolol Side Effects & Risks. Feb 23, 2023 · Propranolol can also cause other side effects. Jan 31, 2024 · Shakiness. weakness and heaviness of the legs. unexpected or excess milk flow from the breasts. redness and swelling of the gums. stomach pain and tenderness. In this issue of the British Journal of Ophthalmology, De Maeyer et al ( see page Apr 25, 2023 · lower back or side pain. Call your doctor or get medical help if any of these side effects or any other side effects bother you or do not go away: Dizziness. Novo-Betaxolol. Jul 20, 2023 · Serious side effects; Other side effects; Professional info; Applies to isosorbide mononitrate: oral tablet, oral tablet extended release. lack of appetite. sore throat. muscle pains, stiffness, tension, tightness, or weakness. May 27, 2021 · Propranolol can also cause some people to feel dizzy, light-headed, or tired. This medicine can cause changes in your heart rhythm, such as conditions called PR, QRS, or QT prolongation. It works by relaxing the blood vessels and slowing heart rate. To the Editor. 142 Those who had a greater than 50% tremor response were asked to stay in an open label arm of the trial and allow examiners to follow their response. Low blood pressure often makes people feel dizzy. swelling of the face, fingers, or lower legs. RLS is a neurologic disorder that affects sensation and movement in the legs and causes the legs to feel uncomfortable. Like all medications, beta blockers can cause side effects. Descriptions. Lisinopril works by blocking a substance in the body that causes the blood vessels to tighten. 2 Between 11. Your heart rate is usually considered too low when it beats less than 60 times per minute while you’re at rest. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Propranolol is mainly used for blood pressure and angina control; however, it also has a role in migraine prevention and Apr 18, 2019 · A variety of dermatoses may be caused or aggravated by β-blockers. Oct 26, 2023 · However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Treatment should be reviewed after six to twelve months. feeling of warmth. These common side effects happen in more than 1 in 100 people. These medicines are available only with your doctor's prescription. dysphoria. Sep 22, 2023 · Common side effects of propranolol include: Stomach upset, including constipation, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. painful or difficult urination. severe sleepiness. fast heartbeat. These are not all of the side effects that may occur. Upset stomach or throwing up. If you experience any of the following, or any other concerning or intolerable side effects, seek medical Propranolol is actually mainly for high blood pressure but has "side effects" that takes care of akathisia and anxiety. loss of appetite. flushing or redness of the skin, especially on the face and neck. increased thirst. More common side effects. Epinephrine has two main receptors. disturbed color perception. Along with its needed effects, isosorbide mononitrate may cause some unwanted effects. Tremors. tightness in the chest. vomiting. What are the side effects of Propranolol (Oral)? (fever, sore throat, burning eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash with blistering and peeling). Some common side effects include: cough, difficulty breathing, dry eyes, dizziness, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, skin rash, itching, tingling hands, digestive problems If you get any of the side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist or nurse. Dec 14, 2023 · The bottom line. As a result, perindopril relaxes the blood vessels. sunken eyes. Aug 5, 2019 · In a randomized, double blind, crossover study, 15 patients who had side effects or were resistant to propranolol or primidone were given 12. Lowering blood pressure can reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks. aka Toxicology Conundrum 044. 6. Fib): The typical dose ranges from 10 mg to 30 mg by mouth 3 or 4 times a day before meals and at bedtime. stomach pain or swelling. passing gas. fever or chills. Pms-Levobunolol. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents for the eye are used to treat certain types of glaucoma. muscle pain or weakness. Beta blockers can cause your heart to pump with less force, which can lead to bradycardia (slow heart rate). If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell the doctor or pharmacist Feb 1, 2024 · Descriptions. trouble with sleeping. swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs. Oct 26, 2023 · headache, severe and throbbing. Propranolol (Inderal LA, Innopran XL) Sotalol (Betapace, Sotylize, Sorine) Timolol (Timoptic, Betimol, Istalol) 2. Lisinopril (Zestril) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that’s commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure. Eye problems, like angle-closure glaucoma. You may report side effects to your national health agency. problems with memory. Low blood pressure—dizziness, feeling faint or lightheaded, blurry vision. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Propranolol is prescribed to treat a number of different conditions. vomiting of blood. Jan 18, 2024 · dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. These include psoriasis, lichen planus-like drug eruptions (LDE), contact dermatitis, anaphylaxis, Raynaud's disease, acrocyanosis, alopecia and hyperhydrosis. skin irritation or rash, including rash that looks like psoriasis. Prescription only. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur: Feb 29, 2024 · Propranolol side effects. Home LITFL Clinical Cases. Aug 30, 2023 · Propranolol - a beta-blocker Angilol, Bedranol, Beta-Prograne. 1, 2. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke Feb 1, 2024 · Pramipexole is also used to treat Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Talk to your doctor or Epinephrine (adrenaline) is what causes the physical symptoms of anxiety. See section 4. decrease in sexual interest. Jan 24, 2023 · While well-tolerated, losartan can cause side effects for some people. Possible Propranolol side effects / adverse reactions in 37 year old female. confusion. irritability. But sometimes, it can lower it a little too much. The risk may be greater if you have certain types of heart disease. —Eye symptoms clearly related to propranolol hydrochloride therapy are rare. Minor side effects such as cold extremities, nausea, diarrhea, sleep disturbances and lassitude are often transient. It is used to treat various conditions, such as high blood pressure, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, anxiety, and migraines Nov 16, 2023 · Common side effects of propanolol may include drowsiness, nausea, and diarrhea. fever and chills. Anxiety : 40 mg daily for short-term anxious situations. Och also hands and feet super cold. Abstract. 5. Nov 24, 2023 · decreased frequency or amount of urine. fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse. Dec 10, 2007 · seizures. Side effects of propranolol that require immediate medical attention include trouble breathing, wheezing, swelling of the hands or face, and skin rash. Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. They're usually mild and short-lived. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to propranolol ( hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash with blistering and peeling). unusual weight gain or loss. The most common side effects include chest tightness, shortness of breath, and a cough. Sep 19, 2023 · Side Effects. How to store Propranolol. com Feb 1, 2024 · Side Effects. severe sunburn. However, many people have no side effects or only have minor side effects. Applies to topiramate: oral capsule, oral capsule extended release, oral solution, oral tablet. This medicine is a beta-blocker. runny or stuffy nose, cough, sore throat, hoarse Mar 1, 2024 · Less common. It works by affecting the response to nerve impulses in certain parts of the body, like the heart. Nov 3, 2023 · double vision. Eden Propranolol is usually well tolerated. Beta 2 receptors in your blood vessels cause vasodilation. Skin rash. I was loosing hearing, hearing very loud tinitus, lack of energy, almost no sex drive, sleep issues and idk how it's called but if I got up to quickly I was almost loosing conviousness. This results in an irresistible feeling of wanting to move your legs to make them comfortable. If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately or get emergency medical treatment: difficulty breathing or Jun 28, 2023 · The good news is that for many people, withdrawal symptoms of Propranolol are generally relatively mild, according to research. Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur while taking primidone: Aug 25, 2023 · Inderal LA is approved to help prevent migraine headache. Oct 17, 2023 · What are some other side effects of Propranolol and Hydrochlorothiazide? All drugs may cause side effects. Less common side effects of beta-blockers include: sleep disturbance (insomnia) loss of sex drive (libido) depression; problems getting or maintaining an erection Common side effects may include: dizziness, tiredness; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach cramps; sleep problems (insomnia); or. Suicidal thoughts or behavior. If you have questions about side effects, call your doctor. fast, pounding, slow, or irregular heartbeat. chills. It may cause fainting or serious side effects in some patients. joint or muscle pain. Feb 24, 2022 · The main aim of this review is to provide an update to common side effects of psychotropic medications whose use has increased in line with the greater prevalence of mental health disorders. Give propranolol solution at around the same time (s) every day. 40 mg twice daily, increased if necessary up to 160 mg twice daily, dose to be adjusted gradually according to heart rate and blood pressure. Some dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name Topamax. unusual paleness. Feb 1, 2024 · This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. Pins and needles sensations. unpleasant breath odor. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. Jun 30, 2023 · redness or other discoloration of the skin. To reduce Nov 5, 2023 · scaly skin. pains in the stomach, side, or abdomen, possibly radiating to the back. pain. Jun 21, 2021 · Additionally, propranolol stimulates apoptosis of endothelial cells, hemangioma‐derived stem cells, and pericytes. What you need to know before you take Propranolol. tightness of the chest. Losartan lowers blood pressure. Feb 29, 2024 · It may increase your blood levels of propranolol. Serious side effects. trouble seeing. Side Effects. no heartbeat. There have been reports of skin rashes and/or dry eyes associated with the use of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Let’s discuss nine you should be aware of. increased sweating. Ophtho-Bunolol. Metoprolol is a selective beta-blocker at dosages usually prescribed to lower blood pressure or relieve the symptoms of angina. insomnia (trouble sleeping) tremor. What Propranolol is and what it is used for. 3. People taking it may experience common side effects like dizziness, headache, or a dry cough. numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, or lips. Novo-Timol. Feb 10, 2021 · However, it is demonstrated that propranolol administered with eye drops reaches the retina , and explorative trials with propranolol eye microdrops provide prospective encouraging results (27, 37). Do not stop taking this medicine (propranolol tablets) all of a sudden. loss of heat from the body. euphoria. While propranolol can be an effective option for the prevention of migraine headaches, it is a serious prescription drug that does come with risk of side effects and it is not the right choice for everyone. These symptoms may indicate an allergic reaction, which could be life-threatening. blurred vision, eye irritation or pain. nausea. Reported by a physician from United States on 2011-10-03 Patient: 37 year old female Reactions: Cardiogenic Shock Adverse event resulted in: hospitalization Suspect drug(s): Citalopram Hydrobromide Dosage: oral Administration route: Oral Mar 1, 2017 · twisting movements of the body. 6% and 29. 3 The last comprehensive review into the ocular side effects of psychotropic medications was published in 2010. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. hearing loss. Perindopril works by blocking a substance in the body that causes the blood vessels to tighten. Bitter or metallic taste. swelling of the testicles. irregular heartbeat. This is a special precaution we take to monitor your baby for any significant side effects from the medication. Nausea / vomiting, stomach pain, vision changes, trouble sleeping, and unusual dreams may also occur. Apr 11, 2023 · Serious side effects; Other side effects; Professional info; FAQ; Note: This document contains side effect information about topiramate. Like all medicines, propranolol can cause side effects in some people, but many people have no side effects or only minor ones. Insomnia, anxiety, and blurred vision are also possible. 8 grams) with suicidal intent. The only problem I have from it is orthostatic hypotension (dizziness upon standing) but all I have to do is stop and lean over for a few seconds and it passes. upper right abdominal or stomach pain. yy xr yz ar dn pi xo jd jr sd